Isebenza kahle Ukulawula ukukhishwa kwe-EtO ibalulekile ekubulaleni inzalo, ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali, nasekuphatheni imisebenzi yezimboni i-ethylene oxide (EtO). Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokunciphisa umzimba busiza izikhungo ukuthi zihlangabezane nezimfuneko zokulawula, zithuthukise ukuphepha, futhi zinciphise umthelela wendawo. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza isifinyezo sokuqala EtO control technologies, okuhlanganisa ukukhuhla okumanzi, ama-oxidizers ashisayo, izikhuhli zombhede owomile, ama-catalytic oxidizers, ama-flare, ama-bubbling scrubbers, nokucatshangelwa kokuhlanganiswa.
5.1 EO Scrubber / Phama Tower
Izikhuhla ezimanzi, ezaziwa nangokuthi imibhoshongo epakishiwe, zingamadivayisi asebenzayo okususa ukungcola njenge-EtO emifudlaneni yegesi yezimboni. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa uketshezi lokukhuhla olune-pH ephansi—imvamisa ingxube yamanzi ne-asidi—ukumunca i-EtO. I-asidi igqugquzela ukuguqulwa kwe-EtO ibe yi-Monoethylene Glycol (MEG).
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo: Igesi engcolile ingena ngaphansi kombhoshongo futhi igeleze iye phezulu ngombhede wempahla yokupakisha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imibhobho yesifutho isabalalisa uketshezi lokukhuhla ngokulinganayo liye phansi phezu kokupakisha. Lo mklamo ukhulisa indawo yokuxhumana noketshezi lwegesi, iqinisekisa ukumuncwa okusebenzayo. Izinto zokupakisha, ezenziwe nge-EtO- kanye namapulasitiki noma izinsimbi ezimelana ne-asidi, zenza igesi igeleze ngokungahleliwe futhi ikhuthaze ukuhlakazeka koketshezi ngokucindezela kwendawo. Isinqamuli senkungu phezulu sithwebula noma imaphi amaconsi afakiwe ngaphambi kokuba kuphume umoya ohlanzekile. I-EtO emunnyiwe, manje esesimweni esiwuketshezi, iqoqa endaweni yokugcina amanzi engaphansi kombhoshongo bese iphonswa ithange lokubamba ukuze iguqulwe ngokuphelele ibe yi-MEG.
Isici Sokuklama Esibalulekile: Ukushintshashintsha okuyinhloko okunquma usayizi wombhoshongo izinga lokugeleza komoya; umbhede ogcwele kufanele unikeze isikhathi esanele sokuhlala sokumuncwa kwe-EtO okuphelele. Ukulawula okungaguquki kuncike ekugcineni amazinga okugeleza okuzinzile namazinga e-pH.
Izinzuzo:
- Iphatha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nemifudlana yegesi enomswakama ophezulu.
- Ingozi encane yomlilo noma yokuqhuma.
- Iyakwazi ukwelapha umthamo omkhulu womoya.
- Angafinyelela >Ukusebenza kahle kokucekelwa phansi okungu-99% kokugxila kokungena okuphezulu.
Ububi:
- Amandla okugqwala okuvela kuketshezi olune-acidic kanye ne-carryover.
- Ingozi yokumiswa kwamapayipi ezindaweni ezibandayo.
- Ukungcola okungaba khona kokupakisha noketshezi ngenxa yekhwalithi yamanzi ephansi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu.
- Idinga ukulahlwa koketshezi olungcolile kanye nokugcwaliswa kwe-asidi okuqhubekayo.
- Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa.
5.2 Ama-Thermal Oxidizers
Ama-oxidizer ashisayo abhubhisa ama-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), okuhlanganisa i-EtO nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziyingozi (ama-HAPs), ngokusebenzisa ukusha kwezinga eliphezulu lokushisa. Amasistimu asebenza phakathi kuka-760°C (1,400°F) no-820°C (1,510°F), aguqule ukungcola kube yi-carbon dioxide (CO?) kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi.
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo: Ukuze uvikeleke, imifudlana ye-EtO enezinga eliphezulu ihanjiswa kuqala ethangini lokulinganisa amanzi noma isibambisi somlilo. Igesi ibe isingena ekamelweni elivuthayo lapho izishisi zegesi yemvelo ziqala ukuxutshwa kwe-oxidation; i-EtO ngokwayo ifaka isandla ekukhululweni kokushisa. Kuma-oxidizer akhiqiza kabusha ashisayo (ama-RTO), izishintshisi zokushisa ze-ceramic zithwebula futhi ziphinde zisebenzise amandla aphuma ekukhishweni, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Umoya we-EtO-laden ubanjwe ekushiseni okuphezulu okwesikhathi sokuhlala esiklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa i-oxidation ephelele ngaphambi kokukhululwa.
Izinzuzo:
- Kuphezulu kakhulu (>99%) ukucekelwa phansi kokusakaza okugxilile.
- Izigxivizo zomzimba ezincane ngokuqhathaniswa.
- Amathuba okuthola amandla (ikakhulukazi kuma-RTO).
- Imishini yokusebenza elula.
Ububi:
- Ayifanele ukugeleza komoya okuphezulu kakhulu, ukusakazwa kwe-concentration ephansi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwegesi kaphethiloli okuphezulu (ngaphandle kokuthi ukuvuselela kabusha).
- Ukukhathazeka okungaba khona mayelana nezingozi zokuqhuma.
- Ingakhiqiza ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) njengemikhiqizo evuthayo.
5.3 I-Dry Bed Scrubber
Abahlikihli bombhede owomile basebenzisa imikhumbi egcwele ubuhlalu be-polymer obufakwe ngamakhemikhali (imidiya esabelayo) ukuze bayisuse unomphela i-EtO nge-chemisorption nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, bayiguqule ibe i-polymer engenabungozi.
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo: Umoya ongcolile udlula kumbhede ongashintshi wemidiya, lapho ama-molecule e-EtO enamathela endaweni yobuhlalu futhi aphendule. Isistimu ilinganiselwe ukuze inikeze isikhathi esanele sokuhlala sokusabela ngezinga elithile lokugeleza komoya. Isikrini sokusekela endaweni yokuphuma kombhede sivimbela ukudluliselwa kwemidiya. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kahle kakhulu, ziyafeza >Ukuphumelela kokucekelwa phansi okungu-99% kokugxilisa kokungenisa okungaphezulu kuka-~5 ppmv.
Izinzuzo:
- Idizayini ye-modular ivumela ukunwetshwa okulula.
- Ubunzima bokusebenza obuphansi; idinga ifeni kuphela.
- Imali ephansi kanye nezindleko zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amasistimu.
- Ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo kwe-EtO; ikhiqiza imfucuza engeyona ingozi.
- Ukusebenza okuphephile nokugcinwa.
Ububi:
- Ayikwazi ukusingatha ukusakaza okunomswakama owedlulele noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
- Imidiya inomthamo okhawulelwe futhi idinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ayifanele ukugxilisa ingqondo >5,000 ppmv ngenxa yezingozi zokusabela ezishisayo.
5.4 I-Thermal Flare
Ama-flare asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokucwenga, ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, nasezikhungweni ezifanayo ukucekela phansi i-EtO ngokuphephile kuma-process vents, ukukhishwa kwamavalvu okuphepha, noma ukusakazwa kwemfucuza okuhlanganisiwe kumasistimu avala umoya.
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo: Ilangabi lokulinga, elisekelwa i-fuel gas, liyanakekelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umfudlana we-EtO (ovame ukuhwamuka futhi uhlanjululwe) wethulwa kule ndawo evuthayo. Uhlelo luhlala luqapha futhi lulungisa izinga lokushiswa ukuze kugcinwe inani elincane lokushisisa inetha, liqinisekisa ukuvutha okuzinzile kanye >99% ukusebenza kahle kokucekela phansi. I-EtO ihlukana ibe yi-CO? namanzi. Ama-flare angaba mpo noma avundlile, amanye amamodeli ahlanganise amasistimu okubuyisela udoti ukushisa.
Izinzuzo:
- Ingakwazi ukusingatha ukusakazwa okuxubile okuguquguqukayo kakhulu, okuphakathi, noma okuyinkimbinkimbi.
- Isebenza ngamandla aphezulu, izinqubo ze-VOC eziphezulu.
- Angase alulame ukushisa.
Ububi:
- Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli/ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kakhulu.
- Ilangabi elibonakalayo lingabangela ukungcoliswa kokukhanya noma ukukhathazeka komphakathi.
- Ukugcinwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlanganiswa.
- Ingozi ye-flashback, edinga izivikelo njengezinqamuli zomlilo, amasistimu okuhlanza, nokuqapha isivinini.
5.5 Ama-Bubbling Scrubbers
Izihlikihlisi ezibhubhuzayo, noma izihlikihli zethangi lamabhamuza, zisebenzisa isixazululo se-asidi/samanzi se-pH ephansi ukuze ziguqule ngokwekhemikhali i-EtO ibe yi-MEG ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuxhumana ebhubhuzayo.
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo: Igesi ye-EtO egeleza kancane iphonswa phansi ochungechungeni lwamathangi okusabela (ngokuvamile izigaba ezimbili). Ama-diffuser anezimbobo adala amabhamuza amahle akhuphuka oketshezini, anikeze isikhathi sokuhlala ukuze ukusabela kwenzeke. I-centrifugal blower igcina ingcindezi engemihle, iphusha amagesi ngezigaba. Njengoba i-MEG ikhiqizwa, izinga loketshezi kanye nokukhuphuka okuthile kwamandla adonsela phansi, okuyimingcele yokuqapha ebalulekile. Amathangi avuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngokudlulisela isisombululo se-MEG sokungathathi hlangothi nokulahlwa.
Izinzuzo:
- Isistimu esekelwe kuketshezi ephephile.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu (99-99.9%) kokugxila okuphezulu, ukusakazwa kokugeleza okuphansi.
- Idizayini elula enamaphuzu ambalwa okwehluleka.
- Ukulawula okungaguquki lapho amapharamitha ezinzile.
Ububi:
- Ayilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugeleza komoya okuphezulu.
- Kubandakanya ukuphatha ama-asidi nezisekelo.
- Izindleko eziqhubekayo zokuphathwa kwesisombululo se-asidi nemfucuza ye-MEG.
- Qaphela: Ihlukile emathangeni okulinganisa okwenziwayo (ama-shaver aphezulu) agcina kuphela, angaphathi, amanzi agcwele i-EtO.
5.6 I-Catalytic Oxidizer
Ama-oxidizer e-Catalytic alawula ama-VOC afana ne-EtO ngokuphromotha i-oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu kunama-oxidizer ashisayo, kusetshenziswa insimbi eyigugu noma i-metal oxide catalyst.
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo: Igesi yenqubo ishiselwa ezingeni lokushisa le-catalyst activation (imvamisa i-150°C kuya ku-400°C / 300°F kuya ku-750°F) ngaphambi kokudlula phezu kombhede we-catalyst. Ebukhoneni be-oksijeni eyeqile, i-catalyst ikhuthaza i-oxidation ephelele ye-EtO kuya ku-CO? nomhwamuko wamanzi. Izishintshi zokushisa zingangezwa ukuze kutholakale amandla. Lobu buchwepheshe bulungele ukusakazwa kwe-EtO okugxilwe kancane.
Izinzuzo:
- Amazinga okushisa aphansi okusebenza asho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
- Yehlisa ukwakheka kwe-thermal NOx ne-CO.
- Ingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kokucekela phansi okungu-99-99.9%.
- Ukusebenza okunobungani kwemvelo.
Ububi:
- I-Catalyst izwela ubuthi obusuka ku-sulphur, i-silicon, i-phosphorous, noma izinsimbi ezisindayo.
- Ngokuvamile imikhondo emikhulu kune-oxidizers eshisayo.
- Izindleko ezinkulu zekhephithali kanye nezindleko zokushintshwa kwe-catalyst ngezikhathi ezithile.
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