| Indlela Yenzalo | Izinzuzo | Ukubi |
| I-Steam | Non-toxic ezigulini, abasebenzi, kanye nendawo. Umjikelezo kulula ukuwulawula nokuqapha. Ukubulala amagciwane okusheshayo. Ingena emaphaketheni ezokwelapha kanye namalumen edivayisi. | Iyingozi kumathuluzi/amadivayisi angezwani nokushisa. Izinsimbi zokuhlinza ezincane zonakaliswe ukuchayeka okuphindaphindiwe. Ingase ishiye izinsimbi zimanzi, zibangele ukugqwala. Amathuba okusha. Akuhambisani nemishini eminingi yezokwelapha ngenxa yokuzwela ukushisa kwamapulasitiki. Awukwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele ama-pyrogens emikhiqizweni engcoliswe yi-endotoxin. |
| I-Ethylene oxide (EO) | Ingena ezintweni zokupakisha namalumen edivayisi. Ukuhambisana kahle kwempahla (Izinga lokushisa eliphansi). “Umkhiqizo ungavalwa inzalo ephaketheni lawo lokugcina elivaliwe.” Ukusebenza okulula nokuqapha. Umsebenzi obanzi we-microbicidal. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ukuqinisekisa ubunyumba kanye nomthelela wokwelapha. Ivumela ukukhishwa komkhiqizo ngokushesha ngemva kokucutshungulwa (Ukukhishwa KweParametric), ifinyeze isikhathi sokushintsha, isiza ukwenza imikhiqizo imakethwe ngokushesha. Inombolo engenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo yemikhiqizo engasetshenziswa kanye kuphela ebulala amagciwane. Ihlala ihlangabezana nezidingo zomkhiqizo nezokulawula. | Kudinga isikhathi sokungenisa umoya ukuze kukhishwe izinsalela ze-ETO. I-ETO inobuthi, i-carcinogenic, futhi iyasha. Ukukhishwa kwe-ETO kulawulwa yizifundazwe zase-US naseYurophu. Umjikelezo omude/isikhathi somoya. |
| I-Hydrogen Peroxide (H?O?) | Iphephile endaweni kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo. Ayishiyi izinsalela ezinobuthi. Isetshenziselwa izinto ezizwela ukushisa kanye nomswakama (inqubo yezinga lokushisa $<50^{\circ}\text{C}$). Easy to operate, set up, and monitor. Compatible with most medical devices. Only requires a power socket. Microbicidal efficacy data. Capable of sterilizing electronic components and batteries. Short aeration time. | Cannot sterilize cellulose (paper), linen, and liquids. Few validated single-use medical devices. Size limitations (fewer single-use disinfectable products). $\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$ concentration $>1 \text{ ppm TWA}$ may be toxic. |
| Ukushisa Okumile | Ayikho ingozi yokugqwala kwensimbi ngemva kokuvalwa inzalo. Asikho isidingo sesikhathi sokungenisa umoya nokuhlolwa kwensalela. | Inqubo yokuvala inzalo enensa. Inqubo yokuvala inzalo inzima ukuyilawula ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elinembile. |
| I-formaldehyde | Isikhathi somjikelezo esisheshayo uma siqhathaniswa ne-EtO. Izindleko eziphansi ngomjikelezo ngamunye kune-EtO. Izinto eziningi zingasetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvalwa inzalo. | Vapor is extremely irritating to the eyes. Working temperature is higher than EtO. Formaldehyde residue may remain on sterilized items, potentially harmful to patients. $\text{RH}$ needs to be $\sim 75\%$ for efficacy, as the gas must dissolve in the water film around bacteria. Toxicity. Not FDA approved; recognized only in certain countries. |
| I-Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) | Isetshenziselwa izinto ezizwela ukushisa. Ihambisana namapulasitiki amaningi. Amandla okuvalwa kwe-X-ray angaphakathi. Azikho izinsalela ze-cytotoxic. Isikhathi somjikelezo omfushane (amahora angu-6-12, kuhlanganise nokufaka umoya). Iphephile futhi kulula ukuyiletha endlini—yehlisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza nezindleko. | Ukungena kahle; ingangena emaphaketheni okuqala kodwa hhayi okokugcina. Ulwazi olulinganiselwe (ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni okulinganiselwe); ukuhambisana, ukusebenza komkhiqizo, izinsalela, ukusebenza kahle kwama-microbial, kanye nokuqina kufanele kuhlolwe. Akuhambisani nekhadibhodi. Imbalwa imishini yezokwelapha esetshenziswa kanye kuphela egunyaziwe. I-FDA ayinqunywanga ukuthi yanele. |
| Isici | Gamma Ray | I-Electron Beam (E-beam) | I-X-ray |
| Imodi Yesenzo | izithombe ze-Isotropic; Isilinganiso. amandla 1.25 MeV | I-electron; Ngokuvamile amandla angu-10 MeV | Amafotho acishe aqonde ngendlela efanayo; U-90% wamandla e-photon cishe. 0.3 MeV |
| Izinzuzo | Ihambisana nezinto ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha. Umkhiqizo ungafakwa inzalo emaphaketheni okugcina avaliwe. Ingena emaphaketheni ezokwelapha. Azikho izinsalela emkhiqizweni owenziwe inzalo. Awukho umthethonqubo okhishwayo. Indlela ebandayo (ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa elincane). Ukulawula okulula. Ukungena okuphezulu. Amasu athuthukile. Imikhiqizo ingakhishwa ngokushesha (akukho ukuhlolwa kwe-batch-to-batch). | Izinga eliphezulu lomthamo kanye Nezinga Lokuqinisekisa Ukuzala (SAL) ukuze likhishwe ngokushesha. Ingakwazi ukungena ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nama-foil. Inqubo ivumela ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwemisebe. Ibanga lethamo elilawulwa kahle. Inqubo esheshayo (umzuzu owodwa kumavolumu amancane) yokuvala inzalo egcwele ngokushesha. Umthelela omncane womkhathi (ukukhululwa kwe-ozone encane). Ayidingi umthombo wendawo okhipha imisebe. | Ukungena kwamandla e-photon, okufana ne-Gamma. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe okusheshayo nokusebenzayo, okusiza ukukhushulwa kusuka kumabhokisi kuya kumaphalethi aphelele. Ukuvumelana nezimo (hlanganisa imikhiqizo enezidingo ezahlukene zomthamo emjikelezweni ofanayo). Ukuwohloka kwezinto ezincishisiwe, isikhathi sokucubungula, kanye nomthamo omkhulu womkhiqizo uma uqhathaniswa ne-Gamma/E-beam. |
| Ukubi | Ipulasitiki ngayinye idinga ukuhlolwa. Kufanele ugweme i-Teflon, PFA, PTFE, PP. Umthelela omubi kuma-gel nama-adhesives. Idinga i-nuclear reactor (ebizayo). Ukuguquguquka komthamo okulinganiselwe. Izinga lethamo eliphansi kune-E-beam. | Expensive construction cost for E-beam sterilization facility. Penetration is lower than Gamma. Risk of radiolytic byproducts (e.g., ?OH) which may damage raw materials/API/packaging when sterilizing finished products or $\text{API}$s using ? particles. | Okuhlangenwe nakho okulinganiselwe (ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha okulinganiselwe). Ukuhambisana, ukusebenza, izinsalela, ukusebenza kahle kwama-microbial, kanye nokuqina kufanele kuhlolwe. |
| Iyunithi Yokucubungula Enkulu | Pallets noma amabhokisi | Amabhokisi | Pallets noma amabhokisi |
| Ibanga Lethamo Elijwayelekile (Ukuminyana Kwedivayisi Yezokwelapha) | 25-40 kGy; Okufanelekile: 25-50 kGy | 25-50 kGy; Kuhle 25-60 kGy | 25-35 kGy; Okufanelekile: 25-40 kGy |
| Isilinganiso somthamo | Ama-kGy/h ambalwa | Ambalwa 1000 kGy/h | Ama-kGy/h ambalwa ukuya kumakhulu ambalwa ama-kGy/h |
| Isimo Sezulu Esijwayelekile | 45?C-50?C | 50?C | 35?C-40?C |
UMA UFUNA UKWAZI OKWENGEZIWE
Ucingo:+8619975258603
I-imeyili:hayley@hzbocon.com
Indawo Yendawo: Igumbi 1202, Caitong Zhongxin, Xiasha District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
Iwebhusayithi:hzbocon.com